The usual English adjective pertaining to the Moon is "lunar", derived from the Latin word for the Moon, lūna. Cynthia / ˈ s ɪ n θ i ə/ is another poetic name, though rare, for the Moon personified as a goddess, while Selene / s ə ˈ l iː n iː/ (literally "Moon") is the Greek goddess of the Moon. Occasionally, the name Luna / ˈ l uː n ə/ is used in scientific writing and especially in science fiction to distinguish the Earth's moon from others, while in poetry "Luna" has been used to denote personification of the Moon. The noun moon is derived from Old English mōna, which (like all its Germanic cognates) stems from Proto-Germanic *mēnōn, which in turn comes from Proto-Indo-European *mēnsis "month" (from earlier *mēnōt, genitive *mēneses) which may be related to the verb "measure" (of time). The usual English proper name for Earth's natural satellite is simply Moon, with a capital M. The Moon is the only celestial body visited by humans. These and later uncrewed missions returned lunar rocks that have been used to develop a detailed geological understanding of the Moon's origins, internal structure, and subsequent history. The only human lunar missions to date have been those of the United States' Apollo program, which landed twelve men on the surface between 19. The first artificial object to reach the Moon was the Soviet Union's uncrewed Luna 2 spacecraft in 1959 this was followed by the first successful soft landing by Luna 9 in 1966. Such influences can be found in language, calendar systems, art, and mythology. The Moon's apparent size is nearly the same as that of the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun almost completely during a total solar eclipse.īoth the Moon's prominence in Earth's sky and its regular cycle of phases have provided cultural references and influences for human societies throughout history.
#Death of moon village full#
However, due to its large angular diameter, the full moon is the brightest celestial object in the night sky. The lunar surface is fairly non-reflective, with the reflectance of lunar soil being comparable to that of asphalt. Most of the large impact basins and mare surfaces were in place by the end of the Imbrian period, some three billion years ago. The near side of the Moon is marked by dark volcanic maria ("seas"), which fill the spaces between bright ancient crustal highlands and prominent impact craters. It then receded to a wider orbit because of tidal interaction with the Earth. The most widely accepted origin explanation posits that the Moon formed 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth, out of the debris from a giant impact between the planet and a hypothesized Mars-sized body called Theia. However, 59% of the total lunar surface can be seen from Earth through cyclical shifts in perspective known as libration. The Moon is tidally locked to Earth, which means that the length of a full rotation of the Moon on its own axis causes its same side ( the near side) to always face Earth, and the somewhat longer lunar day is the same as the synodic period. During each synodic period of 29.5 days, the amount of visible surface illuminated by the Sun varies from none up to 100%, resulting in lunar phases that form the basis for the months of a lunar calendar. The Moon's orbit around Earth has a sidereal period of 27.3 days.
#Death of moon village driver#
Its gravitational influence is the main driver of Earth's tides and very slowly lengthens Earth's day. The Moon orbits Earth at an average distance of 384,400 km (238,900 mi), or about 30 times Earth's diameter. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's at 0.1654 g, with Jupiter's moon Io being the only satellite in the Solar System known to have a higher surface gravity and density. It lacks any significant atmosphere, hydrosphere, or magnetic field. The Moon is a planetary-mass object with a differentiated rocky body, making it a satellite planet under the geophysical definitions of the term and larger than all known dwarf planets of the Solar System.
It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of Australia). The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
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